LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS COMPILED FROM LAST YEAR EXAMS ENCOMPASSING EVERY PART OF THE COURSE FOR ETHIOPIAN UNIVERSITY FRESHMAN STUDENTS
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1. Which of the following is correct regarding a sound deductive argument?
A.
Valid deductive argument plus all true premises
B.
Strong inductive argument plus all true premises
C.
It is not necessary that the content of the premises be true.
ANS: A
2.
One of the following is a type of syllogism that uses conditional sentences for
one or both of its premises
A.
Hypothetical syllogism
B.
Causal inference
C.
Categorical syllogism
D. Prediction
ANS: A
3. Ethiopia is the greatest country in the world because my father told me so. The form of argumentation that this argument used is
A.
An argument based on sign
B.
Argument from authority
C.
Argument from definition
D. Prediction
ANS: B
4.
My son Tesfaye is the same age as your son Abraham and they both entered school
at the same time. Tesfaye is now in grade eight. Therefore probably your son
Abraham is also in grade eight. The form of argumentation that this argument
used is
A.
Causal inference
B.
Disjunctive argument
C.
Argument based on definition
D.
Argument based on analogy
ANS: D
5.
"Short" means a person who is less than 1.5 meters
A.
Stipulative definition
B.
Lexical definition
C.
Précising definition
D.
Persuasive definition
ANS: C
6.
A stipulative definition is not explained by one of the following statement
A.
It cannot be evaluated as true or false
B.
Formed by coining a new word
C.
Useful to report a meaning a word already has in a language
D.
Serve to provide a new meaning to an old word
ANS: C
7.
"Dragon, Big Dragon, Big brown Dragon, Big brown scary Dragon" This
arrangements of terms is
A.
Increasing intention
B.
Empty extension
C.
Decreasing extension
D.
A and B
E.
A and C
ANS: E
8.
Plus means this "+". The technique used in this definition is
A.
Subclass
B.
Enumerative
C.
Demonstrative
D.
Etymology
ANS: C
9.
Which one of the following is ODD about critical thinking?
A.
The intellect is equally important like the body in the due process of critical
thinking
B.
Being intelligent is sufficient to be critical thinker
C.
It is acquired by nature
D. None of the above
ANS: A
10.
Robert Ennis defined critical thinking as
A.
A journey to arrive at the most useful destination while evaluating claims for
scientific truth
B.
A reasonable and reflective thinking focusing on desciding what to believe or
to do.
C.
An attitude of being despised to consider in a thoughtful way
D.
An academic competency
ANS: A
11.
Which one of the following statement is correct?
A. Man is rational being, thus he/she is
critical thinker
B.
Critical thinking is thinking by degrading a society’s norm, values, laws and
tradition
C.
Critical thinking is less helpful to be successful in academic arena
D.
It is unsound to assume that everyone can be equally be critical thinker
ANS: D
12.
One of the following is not among the characteristics of critical thinkers
A.
Inquisitive
B.
Companionate
C.
Out feeling
D.
Disposition
ANS: C
13.
Which one is ODD about fallacious passage?
A.
The statement that constitute fallacious passage have "false" truth
value necessarily
B.
All bad arguments are fallacious, necessarily
C.
No other than inductive and deductive can commit fallacy of any form
D.
Some cogent arguments commit fallacy
ANS: C
14.
Why majority of Americans choose V8 car? No car is comparable withV8 cars. This
argument committed which one of the following fallacy?
A.
Appeal to pity
B.
Appeal to people
C.
Appeal to force
D. You too
ANS: B
15.
A fallacy based on the ideas that if many people agree on the same point, it
must be true is
A.
Vanity
B.
Snobbery
C.
Bandwagon
D.
You too
ANS: C
16.
If my brother likes to eats a lot of pizza and cream biscuit and he is healthy,
I can say that pizza and cream biscuit are healthy and do not really make a
person fat. A fallacy of this passage is
A.
False cause
B.
Slippery slope
C.
Hasty generalization
D.
Weak analogy
ANS: C
17.
All invalid argument commits formal fallacy
A.
True
B.
False
ANS: B
18.
Some fallacious passages are inferential
A.
False
B.
True
ANS: B
19.
Fallacious argument contain one or more factual errors in their form
A.
True
B.
False
ANS: A
20.
Fallacious reasoning has a necessary deceiving character
A.
True
B. False
ANS: B
21.
Critical thinking helps us to investigate data, belief or facts accurately and
impartially.
A.
False
B. True
ANS: B
22.
Of course you want to drink Bedelle Beer. Why because almost everyone in
Ethiopia is drinking it. Such argument commits fallacy of
A.
Snobbery
B.
Vanity
C.
Bandwagon
D.
Pity
ANS: C
23.
Yesterday Dr Tadese told me to stop smoking. But Dr Tadese himself was smoking
when he said this. Thus Dr Tadeses' argument is wrong. The argument commits of
A.
Ad Hominem circumstantial
B.
Tuquoque
C.
False cause
D.
None
ANS: B
24.
Stealing is illegal because it is no legal to steal other people's property
A.
Begging the question
B.
Complex question
C.
False dichotomy
D.
Suppressed evidence
ANS: D
25.
Not everybody can buy a new Abay car. This car is only for special people. This
advertisement commits the fallacy of
A.
Snobbery
B.
Vanity
C.
False cause
D.
None
ANS: A
26.
Whenever Saladin said scores for Ethiopia national team, a famous American film
actor will immediately die. Therefore in order to stop the death of American
film actors, Saladin said should be prevented from scoring goals.
A. Non causa pro causa
B.
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
C.
Slippery slope
D.
None
ANS: B
27.
It is absurd that he expects me to heed his advice about diet and exercise when
he weighs at least 200 pounds and sits behind a desk everyday
A.
Appeal to pity
B.
Appeal to unqualified authority
C.
Appeal to people
D. Tuquoque
ANS: D
28.
One of the following fallacies occurs because the link between premises and
conclusion is not strong enough
A.
Fallacies of relevance
B.
Fallacies of presumption
C.
Fallacies of weak induction
D.
Syllogism
ANS: C
29.
I have been cheated by dishonest boss of my severance package and the five
weeks of pay. I have tried to find another job, but the infection in my leg
kept me bed-ridden. So you have to lend me 200$. I promise to pay you back.
A.
Appeal to pity
B.
Appeal to unqualified authority
C.
Appeal to people
D.
You too
ANS: A
30.
Everyone says that a logic course is easier than a Math course. So that must be
true.
A.
Appeal to force
B.
Hasty generalization
C.
False cause
D.
Appeal to people
ANS: D
31.
Which one of the following is fallacy of presumption?
A.
Red herring
B.
False cause
C.
Equivocation
D.
Division
E. Complex question
ANS: E
32.
Which one of the following is fallacy of weak induction?
A.
Complex question
B.
Division
C. Red herring
D.
False cause
E. Equivocation
ANS: C
33
A barrier to critical thinking that uses Hasty generalization fallacious
tactics is
A.
Relativism
B.
Accident
C.
Egocentrism
D.
Wishful thinking
E.
None
ANS: C
34.
Which types of fallacy commit in the following dialogue?
Dawit:
I always wondered why God does not destroy Satan. He destroyed every living
being on the earth (besides those on the ark) for much less of the crime.
Tomas:
Jesus loves you!
Tomas:
Jesus loves you!
A.
Red herring
B.
Missing the point
C.
Strawman
D.
Suppressed evidence
ANS: C
35.
The Best way to deal with group centered thinking is
A.
Begging the reluctant to the views of others
B.
Disregarding societal values and authority at all
C.
Develop habits of independent thinking
D.
Accepting the views of one's preferred group
E.
C and D are answers
ANS: C
36.
Which one of the following is fallacy of grammatical analogy?
A.
Red herring
B.
False cause
C.
Division
D.
Equivocation
E.
Complex question
ANS: C
37.
The Gahanna football team is very good. Therefore each player in the team is
very good. This argument commits the fallacy of
A.
Amphiboly
B.
Division
C.
Equivocation
D.
None
ANS: B
38 Which one of the following is fallacy of relevance?
A. False cause
B.
Equivocation
C.
Division
D.
Red herring
E.
Complex question
ANS: D
39.
Either you give me money I will be forced to rob a bank. This argument commits
the fallacy of
A.
Appeal to pity
B.
Appeal to ignorance
C.
Snobbery
D.
Suppressed evidence
ANS: D
40.
An employee says to her boss 'I deserve a two month vacation with pay. If you
don't agree to give it to me I am going to tell to your wife about that time
you had sex with me. This argument commits the fallacy of
A.
Appeal to pity
B.
Appeal to ignorance
C.
Appeal to force
D.
Appeal to people
ANS: C
41. Which one of the following is fallacy of ambiguity?
A. Red herring
B.
Division
C.
Equivocation
D.
Complex question
E.
False cause
ANS: B
42.
Civil service employees cannot currently live on the minimum wage. Therefore
the minimum wage should be abolished. This argument commits the fallacy of
A.
Strawman
B.
Missing the point
C.
Tuquoque
D .False cause
ANS: B
43.
Suppose that an argument is unsound. It follows that
A.
This argument must have one false premise
B.
This argument must be invalid
C.
It is invalid and has at least one false premise
D. All of the above
ANS: A
44.
Identify the valid argument
A.
If there is no gas in the car, and then the car will not run. There is gas in
the car. Therefore the car will run.
B.
Two third of Africans are men. Peter is an African. Therefore Peter is men.
C.
If You are married, then you will have a children . You have children. Hence
you are married.
D.
If I plant a tree, then I get dust under my nails. I didn't get dust under my
nails. Therefore did not plant a tree.
ANS: A
45.
A conception of philosophy as an activity implies
A.
Philosophy can only be mastered by those over think
B.
One can only master philosophy by studying it in school
C.
What makes philosopher great philosopher is his achievement
D. None of the above
ANS: D
46.
One of the following has a form of inductive argument
A. Argument from authority
B. Argument from mathematics
C. Argument from definition
D.
Argument from syllogism
ANS: A
47. One of the following is teleological ethical
theory.
A.
Utilitarianism
B.
Emotivism
C.
Anthropology
D.
Relativism
ANS: A
48.
If God didn't create the universe, who did? Identify the committed here.
A.
Appeal to pity
B.
Appeal to people
C.
Begging question
D.
Complex question
ANS: C
49.
Everyone is going to get iPhone pro 13 when it comes one month ago. This
fallacy is
A. Appeal to people
B.
Bandwagon
C.
Red herring
D.
Missing point